Macbeth Is Entirely Responsible for His Own Demise Essay

William Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a tragedy about a war hero named Macbeth, who follows his ambition with evil and who is repaid with evil. He is responsible for his own demise although only to a certain extent. There were many other factors that contributed to the tragic that could have been avoided - for example how the witches’ predictions are responsible for influencing Macbeth’s thoughts although ultimately no one told Macbeth to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth was also a very influential character which manipulated Macbeth into doing bad deeds however he is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Finally, Macbeth acknowledges his guilt of wrongdoing and is thereby responsible for his†¦show more content†¦If Macbeth truly did not want to commit evil, he could have refused his lady’s arrangements. Instead, Macbeth accepts the plans and goes further by asking Lady Macbeth to â€Å"mock the time wit h fairest show†. Macbeth understood that killing Duncan was an immoral act but still persevered and therefore the one ultimately to blame for his death. Macbeth was conscious that his thoughts are used for â€Å"only [for] vaulting ambition† and yet he does nothing to correct the situation of his thoughts. Macbeth was not mentally deranged before the killing of Duncan and is able to differentiate good from evil, nevertheless he chose to commit regicide. Macbeth reveals that he knows what he is about to do is immoral, and that that â€Å"judgement here†¦. [will be] taught [to] return to plague the inventor†. This ambition eventually lead Macbeth to greed and paranoia; making him willing to do anything necessary in order to secure his position of power. It also becomes easier and easier for Macbeth to commit heinous crimes. Without thinking twice, he orders the murders of Macduffs family, including his children. Macbeths selfishness and reckless ambition lead him to his own demise. Macbeth is crucially at fault for his own death, although blindly following the witches and giving Lady Macbeth so much power over him to manipulate and influence him are an essential irrefutable factors that aided in his death. Although ultimately it was Macbeth’s own blind and greedy ambition which bothShow MoreRelatedMacbeth ´s Fate in Willam Shakespeare ´s Macbeth869 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth is a play in which highlights how ones nature and judgment can be responsible for the devise and shape of their own fate. Macbeth is a character of whom although his choices are superficially guided by others, his very fate is resolute of his character and attributes. His impatient ambition, stubborn need to protect his pride and consequential decision making, are all integral attributes to the story in which furthermore prove that Macbeth is entirely responsible for his own fate. Read MoreFate vs Free Will in Sophocles ´ Oedipus Rex and Shakespeare ´s Macbeth1487 Words   |  6 Pagesanswered. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex and Shakespeares Macbeth, fate is determined by their own choices and free will, the character Macbeth knows of what lies ahead of him, making him alter the present to create his idealistic future, however instead he lives a life of ruins. As for Oedipus his entire actions are based on one prophecy he desperately attempts to avoid which later causes his unintentional demise. Oedipus by Sophocles and Macbeth by Shakespeare are both tragic plays that present a commonRead MoreIs Macbeth a Victim of Fate or His Own Ambitious Choices? Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesIs Macbeth a victim of fate or his own ambitious choices? Fate, unlike fatalism, does not stipulate that human deliberation and actions are inconsequential in causing an event, as its occurrence is inevitable. Rather it simply states that all events, and the choices leading up to them, are predetermined; hence the role of freewill is no less significant in deciding fated events than it is when considering situations from a non-fated perspective. This concept can be observed in William ShakespearesRead MoreThe Supernatural Element Of Witchcraft1184 Words   |  5 Pagesactions’ consequences. The nature of temptation in Macbeth raises numerous questions regarding the human condition as Shakespeare introduces the supernatural element of witchcraft by using the Wyrd Sisters to entice Macbeth and propel the plot of the play. Many have debated the degree of responsibility that the witches should shoulder regarding Macbeth’s fall as a protagonist. English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge once said that the witches in Macbeth â€Å"onl y have the power of tempting those who have beenRead MoreOedipus, A Tragic Hero1832 Words   |  8 Pagesesteemed as heroes because of the all the great things that they did. However tragic heroes are different, the efforts of the hero have the opposite effect. The more than they do, the harder they fight, every action only leads them closer to their own demise; and they never see it coming, often blind to signs and symbols. Oedipus is that type of character. By the standards of many modern ideologies and philosophies Oedipus is absolutely a tragic story and tragic character. He lost everything in the

Related Literature for Inventory System Free Essays

OUTPUT 1st day/ Saturday Nov. 24, 2012 * Orientation of the students and student teachers and get the final list of official student 2nd day/ Saturday Dec. 1, 2012 * 1st checking the attendance of the students and separate them from (3 – 5),(6 – 8),(9 – 15) 3-5 goes to Carina, Mae and Malabunga 6-8 take in charged by Judith and Canaria while 9-15 handle by Battalier, Quientela and Berdin. We will write a custom essay sample on Related Literature for Inventory System or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3nd day/ Saturday Dec. 8, 2012 * Teaching the students 4nd day/ Saturday Dec. 15, 2012 * Teaching the students 5nd day/ Saturday Dec. 22, 2012 * Teaching the students 6nd day/ Saturday Dec. 29, 2012 No classes because CWTS and LTS students went to Provincial Jail. 7nd day/ Saturday January 05, 2013 * (Delayed of Christmas Party) Christmas Party of the students was medyo delayed for some reasons. We prepared games, gift and some foods to share. 8nd day/ Saturday January 12, 2013 * Continue of teaching the students 9nd day/ Saturday January 19, 2013 * Teaching the students 10th day/ Saturday January 26, 2013 * Teaching 11th day/ Saturday February 2, 2013 * Teaching 12th day/ Saturday February 9, 2013 * Teaching 13th day/ Saturday February 16, 2013 * Teaching 14th day/ Saturday February 23, 2013 * Teaching 15th day/ Saturday March 2, 2013 Teaching and finalizing the lessons that we teach and review all the lessons that we teach. And we all talked about their dismissal day in coming nex t Saturday. 16th day/ Saturday March 9, 2013 * Dismissal day/ party party, we dance and sing and also we eat and saying farewell to our beloved students. Official List of Students 3 – 5 + 0ne 16yrs old who doesn’t even know how to write or read NAMEAGE 1. Rose Anne S. Arciaga 5 2. Eunice Belsa 4 3. Rejhen Dishoso 3 4. Richell Dishoso 4 5. John Lorenz Escoto 3 6. Marian Escoto 4 7. Dale Ikawat 4 8. Marvin Escoto 5 9. Denise Roldan 16 10. Lyka Mae 5 11. John Mel 5 Teachers: Ms. Carina Mae D. Martillos Ms. May G. Abria Ms. Maida R. Malabunga 6 – 8 NAMEAGE 1. Kim N. Abasolo 7 2. Gelli Ann Bonita 6 3. Jillian Bonita 8 4. Defresa Keen Valie 7 5. Christian Ibais 7 6. Jackielyn N. Mallo 8 7. Marilyn Orubia 8 8. Don Edmon Palarca 7 9. Benjie Juares 8 Teachers: Ms. Judith Calajate Ms. Roselyn Canaria 9 – 15 NAMEAGE Female 1. Abasolo, Princess9 2. Beunavidez, Joy12 3. Dacio, Jenny9 4. Dishoso, Desiree9 5. Dishoso, Rosabel12 6. Francisco, Jessica13 7. Magdaog, April11 8. Nario, Jessa12 9. Orubia, Marinel11 10. Resuello, Francia15 11. Resuello, Jhamyca10 12. Romero, Julie Ann10 Male 1. Francisco, Daryl A. 11 2. Gonzales, Bryan Paul9 3. Las Pinas, Phillipe Louis12 4. Magdaog, Jaypoy11 5. Rodriguez, Reymart11 6. Roldan, Ivan13 7. Soria, Dexter11 8. Soria, Mico11 9. Tomero, Jomar9 Teachers: Ms. Luningning Battalier Ms. Elleca Jane Berdin Ms. Krizzelle Joy Quientela 3rd / Saturday Duties Battalier prepared the Berdinsnacks Martillos stand as the teacher Abria assistant teacher Malabunga assistant teacher Calajate stand as the teacher Canaria assistant teacher stand as the teacher assistant teacher Battalier Berdin Quientela 4th / Saturday Martillos prepared the snacks Abria assistant Martillos Teacher Abria assistant teacher Malabunga Calajate stand as the teacher Canaria assistant teacher Teacher Assistant teacher Battalier Berdin Quientela prepared the snacks 5th / Saturday Martillos Malabunga Martillos assistant teacher AbriaTeacher Malabunga assistant teacher Calajate Teacher Canaria Assistant Assistant Teacher Battalier Berdin Quientela 7th / Saturday Battalierprepared the foods Prepared the parlor games Martillos Abria Calajate Berdin Prepared the materials for the parlor games Quientela Canaria Malabunga How to cite Related Literature for Inventory System, Essay examples

Altruistic Hospitality Relationship

Question: Discuss about the Report for Altruistic Hospitality Relationship. Answer: Introduction Hospitality is an altruistic relationship between a person and his guest. It is the goodwill shown to one group of individuals by another, when both of them chance to encounter each other, and has been existent since humans moved from place to place. As man became more and more civilized, the idea of territory became a home, and the idea of tolerating other humans in his territory became a practice of welcoming others to ones home. Once the basic needs of men were met and ability to think started expanding, the virtue of making their guests feel good began to emerge through mankind. It then became a regular practice, with hospitality slowly emerging as a tradition unique to every group of individuals. Food is an inseparable component of hospitality (Brotherton, 2013); and apparently, feeding ones guests would have started as a practice to placate ones hunger, progressing to man sharing food with fellow companions. With the advent of travelling, the world was thrown open to man, and trade relations started between various countries. The idea of welcoming guests grew with increasing business relations with one another. As man needed to travel long distances, he would need food to keep up his stamina, so that he could traverse his distance to carry on his business (Flandrin Montanari, 2013). This might have been the beginning of modern day hospitality, where food and shelter was extended to messengers and traders, so that the trade would go on, and the country would earn a reputation. Today, though hospitality way different from how it was in the past, the concept of making a guest feel at home exists in most parts of the land. It suggests the mutual understanding of both the hosts and the guests perception of tradition and culture. In this essay, the concept of hospitality and tourism is discussed, with emphasis on the evolution of hospitality with changing traditions and habits, all over the w orld. Hospitality, travel and accommodation In the early days, there were no borders that defined countries and cultures; it was only the need for survival and exhibition of power and authority that led man to mark territorial boundaries. With the advent of civilization, and the need for agriculture, man started to cultivate crops that would thrive in his geographic location. This led to the invention and preparation of location-specific cuisines. The idea of home is a mans comfort zone, where he is comfortable in his own practices, customs, and tastes. However, it is the intent curiosity of man on knowing about various places led him to travel, thus making tourism an important agenda in every government. Today, global connectivity being just a click away can be attributed to the increase in travel as a hobby (Cheung, 2011). Usually, it is the wanderlust of man, to seek out different places, and the curiosity to try out different food across the globe that influences a mans decisions to travel. For example, an individual who has led his life predominantly in the West and is curious on trying out different cuisines would love the Eastern part of the world, where rice is the staple crop, as opposed to wheat and maize in his place. Individuals from India or Srilanka would be naturally inclined to travelling to colder regions, as a welcome change from their tropical weather. Thus, a persons choice of travel might be to explore a place with different living conditions from their home. In todays world, it is mandatory that every individual performs a safety and authenticity check on the place of travel and his place of accommodation. This is essential, as a wonderful travel experience would be ruined if one gets robbed in the place of accommodation, in an unknown country. As it is relatively easy to identify a safe and a reputed place of stay, well before one embarks on a trip, the reputation of the place goes down considerably if any tourist has a unpleasant experience (Xiang Gretzel, 2010). Usually, places of accommodation with a high reputation for safety, and good reviews and ratings by previous occupants are the most sought after, as most people would not trade safety for some extra charge. Cultural variations and differences also play an important role in the accommodation choice of an individual. For example, kokoretsi (goat intestines wrapped in meat, and cooked in breads), a specialty of Greece, Batute (cooked stuffed frog), a specialty of Philippines, kn ipp (a sausage) of Germany, etc being rare dishes that are available only in the places of their origin, might not go well with many people from certain Hindu and Muslim communities, where such dishes made of beef or pork are forbidden (Ahn et al., 2011). This way, there would be a culture shock, which would deter conservative people from touring similar places. The worlds safest and the most hospitable places to tour would be preferred in most cases. However, an individual with a penchant for adventure and travel would not mind the safety glitches of another location. However, if the place is a tourist hotspot, yet is under tremendous safety issues like terrorism, war, etc, it would heavily impede the potential visitors from travelling to that place (Jamrozy, 2007). Other factors that might impact the tourists choice of destination include accessibility to travel, paperwork, infrastructure, racism, cost of living, balance of nature, climatic conditions, places of tourist attraction, etc. Travel always provides learning experiences to the tourists all around the world. Many tourists travel to certain locations just to get a certain experience, and this fact is banked upon by the agencies and places providing commercial accommodation. For example, most people of the world throng towards India, seeking a spiritual experience. It could be experiencing the bliss of the Himalayas, or the sacred river at Varanasi, or the architectural marvel of the temples of Southern India, or the grand celebrations of religious festivals all over the country (Kerrigan et al., 2012). In order to make the tourists achieve the experiences, the hotels and resorts mostly work together with travel guides and agencies, enabling their tourists to avail sight-seeing opportunities, at a cost which they can afford. For example, in a shared economy, group travels are made possible. This enables intermingling and socialization with people from all walks of life, in addition to achieving travel experie nce. However, if the tourist wishes to experience India alone, tourist guides and travel packages are available for individual travelers as well, for a premium (Weaver et al., 2007). One of the main goals of travel is to explore new areas of life, along with new people. For this, shared accommodation would be the best bet, as it would help inculcate sharing, mingling and getting to know others, without intruding upon ones privacy (Middleton et al., 2009). Though this would not go well with some people who have a very high regard for privacy and personal space, it would definitely lead the traveler to a new and meaningful travel experience. The travel and tourism industry is one of the highly grossing areas in the economic development of a country, and it is the responsibility of all the stakeholders of tourism to equally contribute to its improvement. In this fast moving world, hotels and resorts that provide strictly traditional and outdated methods of accommodation stand to lose if they do not willingly upgrade their services (Badone, 2004). For any service provider, it is important to identify the pulse of the audience, connect with them, and provide them their required services, in order to sustain in the industry. Flexibility and the intent to make ones guests comfortable must be the resorts top gals. In order to accomplish this, traditional accommodation providers might be needed to re-image their products and experiences to compete with new and innovative forms of commercial accommodation (Yamazaki Kayes, 2004). This can be achieved by upgrading the infrastructure, providing facilities that are unique to them, providing customized facilities according to the tourist, announcing new schemes, enhancing their culinary support, etc. For example, if a Japanese tourist visits Africa, the restaurant in Africa must make the tourist comfortable, by offering him choices in his cuisine, rather than being rigid on serving only the local cuisine, which the tourist might not be accustomed with. After making him comfortable, introducing the special dishes of the local African cuisine on the second day of his stay would make the Japanese tourist feel curious to experiment, thus making his trip satisfactory. Conclusion Hospitality encompasses gastronomy, cultural habits and practices, and travel helps a person to be acquainted with all the customs and practices globally. The choice of ones travel location and accommodation might be personal and dependent of numerous factors, but the experience and joy of travel is heavily dependent on them. Rigid prototypes and rules pertaining to the tourist areas of ones country might seem to preserve culture, but an enforced preservation does not guarantee its sustenance. Inculcation of the positives of a culture into another place, taking care not to disturb the fundamental principles of ones heritage is essential. The hospitality provided to a guest must end on a positive note, so that his travel experience is enhanced, and he is made to feel comfortable, or in other words at home, even on foreign soil. Thus, commercialized hospitality can be truly said to be an extension of hospitality of ones home, and the world would be a far safe and peaceful place to live in, if the concept of home is expanded to encompass the world. References Ahn, Y.Y., Ahnert, S.E., Bagrow, J.P. Barabsi, A.L., 2011. Flavor network and the principles of food pairing. Scientific reports, p.1. Badone, E., ed., 2004. Intersecting journeys: The anthropology of pilgrimage and tourism. University of Illinois Press. Bettinger, R.L., Garvey, R. Tushingham, S., 2015. Hunter-Gatherers: Archaeological and Evolutionary Theory. 2nd ed. Springer. Brotherton, B., 2013. Hospitality and hospitality. In Search of Hospitality. Cheung, S., 2011. Trends and Issues in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Flandrin, J.L. Montanari, M., eds., 2013. Food: a culinary history. Columbia University Press. Jamrozy, U., 2007. Marketing of tourism: a paradigm shift toward sustainability. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1(2), pp.117-30. Kerrigan, F., Shivanandan, J. Hede, A.M., 2012. Nation Branding A Critical Appraisal of Incredible India. Journal of Macromarketing, 32(3), pp.319-27. Middleton, V.T., Fyall, A., Morgan, M. Ranchhod, A., 2009. Marketing in travel and tourism. Routledge. Weaver, P.A., Weber, K. McCleary, K.W., 2007. Destination evaluation: The role of previous travel experience and trip characteristics. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), pp.333-44. Xiang, Z. Gretzel, U., 2010. Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism management, 31(2), pp.179-88. Yamazaki, Y. Kayes, D.C., 2004. An experiential approach to cross-cultural learning: A review and integration of competencies for successful expatriate adaptation. Academy of Management Learning Education, 3(4), pp.362-79.

Land Of The Free, Home Of The Brave Essays - Libertarian Theory

Land of the Free, Home of the Brave Patrick Henry said once to the senate, " Give me liberty or give me death." He was saying that, rather than living in a land where he is controlled, he wanted to live in a land where he had his own freedom, and if not, he would rather choose death. Frederick Douglass, in his book entitled My Bondage and My Freedom, views his position in life the same way. He replicates Henry's statement by saying, "I believe there was not one?who would not rather have been shot down, then pass away in a life of bondage." (284) Both of these statements were about freedom as an American. But what is an American? This is what we must explore first before we decide whether or not "A slave was a part of American society" or if "slavery was an American or anti-American institution." With a clear definition of what an American really is, we will be able to realize how Douglass formed a sense of his own identity as an ex-slave and how he related the experience o slavery to broader conceptions of American ide ntity. I say that an American is not just one who resides in the United States or the western hemisphere, an American is a person who can pursue his or her own ideals without being subject to persecution. America was institutionalized in 1776 by the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. This document claimed that in America,"?all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of happiness." American society in the 19th century proved this declaration to be untrue. These rights he outlined in the Declaration of Independence not pertain to slaves, white males who did not own property, and women. "Slavery in the United States is the granting of that power by which one man exercises and enforces a right of property in the body and soul of another." (Douglass, 408) Property to that of whom? The property owning white male. In the early years of American society, it was he who's skin color was white and owned the most property that was truly considered an American. It was Thomas Skidmore who said that, "If?Mr. Jefferson had made use of the word property, instead of 'the pur suit of happiness,' I should agree with him." By this, Skidmore meant that property was a key element to those who considered themselves Americans, and those who did not own property, were not part of the society. This society that was formed was not that of what I believe to be an American. Slaves were not able to pursue their own ideals without being subject to persecution. If they were to express themselves, they were beaten up or even killed. Because they were different from our forefathers, who declared our independence from great Britain, they perceived them not true Americans. I justify that with the three-fifths clause of the constitution, which stated that blacks would only count as three-fifths the normal white person. With this clause in place, white males had begun to cave into changing society, but still dominated over blacks, claiming that they were the true Americans. Douglass, however, was conjuring up ways that he was an American long before that Douglass, as a slave owning no property, considered himself an American, through his identity, and later, his practice. During his years as a slave, Douglass taught himself to read and write, and was afforded the right, in more ways than not, the freedom of speech. Douglasss writes that slaves think that, "It is alleged, that they are, naturally inferior; that they are so low in the scale of humanity, and so utterly stupid, that they are unconscious of their wrongs, and do not apprehend their rights." (vii) Although persecuted in many ways for these things, Douglass persevered in attaining these rights to himself and let no one, until later, know that he had consummated these rights as an American and not as a slave. To pursue the goals of reading and writing should have been the right of every person in this country, but to slaves

Strategic Thinking And Change Management The WritePass Journal

Strategic Thinking And Change Management Abstract Strategic Thinking And Change Management ). Threat of substitutes With intense competition in the Market, there is a potential threat of substitute products. In fact, as Netflix and Blockbuster battle it out, others are gaining ground in substitute offerings as seen with Video-on-demand which has grown at double digit rates in the past two years. Bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers are likely to have less purchase power especially given the acquisition of Movielink. If this acquisition leads to more online downloads, the company will have little need for plastic cases and DVDs and as such, the bargaining power of suppliers is likely to reduce (Janjua 2012). Intensity of competitive rivalry The rivalry in the market is definitely high. Already, Blockbuster has lost many of its customers to Netflix. The company must reinvent and implement strategies that would sway back customers. How Blockbuster can realign itself to the needs of the external environment The corporate strategy would require the company to capitalize on innovative emergent technologies to provide it with strategic breakthroughs in the competitive business environment, while not losing sight of its in-store operations (Fryman 2010). As such, a click and brick strategy would be more suitable for the company. Blockbuster must realigns its business processes with IT and use it in their favour. In realigning their business processes with IT, the company must access the strategic alignment model in terms of purpose, initiatives, project leadership, infrastructure and goals that will create a paradigm shift (Carr 2010). The realignment process must enable the company to embrace online opportunities which Netflix and Redbox have already perfected. Realigning business process with IT (Kalakota 2011) Whilst Blockbuster seems to have already embedded IT into their core business model as seen with the total access program which enhances online customers experience, this has not helped much as the company has lost most of its customers to online retailers such as Netflix and Lovefilm .The failure by the company to quickly adapt to the changing business environment and consumer habits is suggested to have been the main problem. The company took long to transform its business model and when it did, the competitive landscape had already been fundamentally altered and the tradition model destroyed by the new platform model (Carr 2010). The company needs to conduct a massive marketing campaign which should focus on growing their online rental subscriber base. The company could also form an alliance with cell phone companies and arranging with these companies to allow customers to stream movies on their cell phones.   This would be a great idea considering that people have their cell phones all the time. With larger cell phone screens, customers would be able to stream movies from anywhere including in the subways, bus stations and even at workplaces. Viewing could be per subscription or pay-per-view (Clark et al. 2013). Another strategic move would be to partner with airline companies in order to implement a blue box program at airports such as the Redboxes at McDonalds (Jordan 2011). The blue box program would enable travelers to pick up a movie at one airport and to return it to another airport or blockbuster store. Further, the company should focus on strengthening customer relationship management by implementing a business strategy that maintains relevant value across all its customer groupings and introducing new customer proposition initiatives that would provide them with an edge over their competitors (Afuah 2009). Additionally, Blockbuster needs to implement an ERP system that will enable it to track their inventories. The system can be implemented incrementally from one region to another. This will reduce the time and duplications that the company currently has, thereby increasing efficiency. Currently, for customers to check out their movies from different blockbusters, they are required to register with each store individually.   Given that the ERP system integrates data and allows for sharing of information across multiple departments, this may benefit the company through quicker processing of orders and faster shipments. . Whilst recognizing the need to realign business process with IT, the company should not to lose sight of its in-store operations. Customers of today have become savvier and are increasingly taking charge of their own shopping experience (Deloitte 2011). Retail stores must equally evolve to become part of the complex relationship between the retailer and customer by providing new ways of experiencing breadth and depth of range (Deloitte 2011). In-store theatre and a touch and feel experience around the product item should be able to sway more consumers back to shopping in high streets. Provision of personalized services and guided shopping experience should equally encourage more consumers to go back for rental services from the stores. Critique of contemporary strategic management research and practice But while strategic thinking and change management has a greater role to play in resuscitating high street retail stores, such practices are not always successful. For example, while the ERP system may increase the efficiency and effectiveness of management decisions, failure of such systems may adversely impact on the organization resulting in cost overruns and supply chain problems (Morgan Smith 2002). Moreover, a strategy formulation that positions a firm in a niche may narrow the firm’s perspective (Mintzberg et al., 1995). That is, such a strategy may overlook opportunity if they are only concentrating on a certain group of market. Another criticism is that strategic planning systems are designed as top-down planning systems and as such strategic decisions are only relegated to top management (Morgan Smith 2002). This implies that the planning systems serve to fulfill only the goals and interests of the top management and not that of the organization. Strategic management is based on rational decision making. But because most of the time we have incomplete information, fully rational decisions may not be possible and change process may result in adverse effects (Jofre 2011). Hence whilst change management may be intended at increasing the firms adaptability, structures developed to promote rationality may have opposite effect (Jofre 2011). Nonetheless, it is clear that high street retailers need to realign their business processes to meet demands of the changing business environment. Conclusion There is no doubt that the past few years have seen a crisis as major high street chains such as Blockbusters, Jessops, JJB sport, and Comet among many others go into administration. The collapse of well-known retailers into receivership is a clear indication of a declining fortune of Britains high streets. All these retailers which have gone into administration do share certain commonalities. They all tend to have a significant number of stores and have all had difficulty adapting to the changing business environment and retail habits. For these retailers to continue to thrive in the industry, they must reinvent and realign themselves to the needs of the external environment. For example, Blockbuster needs to realign its business processes with IT and use it in their favour. The company should adopt a click and brick strategy. That is, the company must embrace online opportunities without losing sight of its in-store operations. The company could also form alliances with cell phone companies to allow customers to stream movies on their cell phones. The company may as well partner with airlines and implement a blue box programs at the airports such as the Redboxes at McDonald. The company may also implement ERP systems to increase their efficiency and effectiveness of management decisions. Its retail stores must also evolve and should be able to provide customers with new ways of experiencing breadth and depth. In-store theatre and a touch and feel experience around the product item should be able to sway more consumers back to shopping in high streets. Provision of personalized services and guided shopping experience should equally encourage more consumers to go back for rental services from the stores. Reference Afuah, A., 2009. Strategic innovation: new game strategies for competitive advantage. University of Michigan. NewYork: Routledge publishers Anon 2013. A strategy life-cycle: Blockbuster. [Viewed on 22nd May 2013] available from http://strategydynamics.com/info/blockbusters-strategy.aspx Anon, 2013. The death of the high street or the birth of a new kind of retailer? [Viewed on 19th May 2013] available from enterprisenation.com/blog/the-death-of-the-high-street-or-the-birth-of-a-new-kind-of-retailer/ Janjua, A., 2012. Make it a blockbuster night. Blockbuster Carr, A., 2010. Blockbuster CEO, Jim Keyes, on competition from Apple, Netflix, Nintendo,  and Redbox. [Viewed on 19th May 2013] available from fastcompany.com/1656502/an-interview-with-blockbuster-ceo-jim-keyes-part-ii Clark, M., McKelvey, L., Robinson, B., Sampson-Rasberry, S., 2013. Blockbuster analysis. [Viewed on 20th May 2013] available from http://laurenmckelvey.wordpress.com/2012/05/01/blockbuster-analysis/ Deloitte, 2011. The changing face of retail. The store of the future: the new role of the store in a multichannel environment. Deloitte LLP. Ferrell, O.C. and Hartline, M., 2007. Marketing strategy. 4th edition. Cengage   Learning publishers Fryman, 2010. Transitioning business models: Are there any  businesses that successfully transitioned from brick-and-mortar to completely online? [Viewed on 19th May 2013] available from http://ask.metafilter.com/167587/Transitioning-business-models Hawkes, S., 2011. Jane Norman is high street fashion victim. The Sun. [viewed on 18th May 2013] available from thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/money/3663189/Fashion-chain-Jane-Norman-becomes-the-latest-high-street-casualty.html Jofre, S., 2011. Strategic management: the theory and practice of strategy in (business) organizations. University of Denmark Jordan, A., 2011. The Effects of Netflix and Blockbuster Strategies on Firm Value. Claremont McKenna College Kalakota, R., 2011. ‘Brick, Click and Mobile: multi-channel strategies for satisfying your customers’. In: Mbusiness: the race to mobility. [viewedd on 20th May 2013] available from www.ebstrategy.com Konsynski, B.R., 1993. ‘Strategic control in the extended enterprise’. IBM Systems Journal, vol.32 (1), pp. 111-142 Miller, Y., 2010. Blockbuster analysis. [Viewed on 19th May 2013] available from keeparticles.com/blockbuster-analysis_a13497.htm Minton, A., Skelton, D., Sennett, R., Umunna, C. and Jones, E., 2013. How can we save the street? The Guardian. [viewed on 18th May 2013] available from guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jan/15/how-can-we-save-high-street Mintzberg, H., Quinn, J.B. and Ghoshal, S. 1995. The Strategy Process (European Edition), London : Prenctice-Hall. Morgan, N. and Smith, E., 2002. Contemporary issues in strategic management. Kagiso publishers Pettigrew, A.M., Homas, H. and Whittington, R., 2001. Handbook of strategy and management. Sage publications Porter, M. 1979. ‘How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy’, Harvard Business Review, vol.57 (2): 37-145. Shrivastava, P., 1986. ‘Is strategic management ideological?’ Journal of Management, vol.12 (3), 367-377 Todnem, R., 2005. ‘Organizational change management: a critical review’. Journal of Change Management, vol.5 (4), 369-380 Watkis, N., 2013. What can marketers learn from the surge of high street store closures? [Viewed on the 19th May 2013] available from mycustomer.com/topic/marketing/what-can-marketers-learn-high-street-store-closures/161721

Sassy, Funny, Girly Quotes for Women With Attitude

Sassy, Funny, Girly Quotes for Women With Attitude As Cyndi Lauper sang, Girls Just Wanna Have Fun. When a bunch of girls get together for a girls night out, you can imagine how raucous they can get. These girly quotes focus on appreciating the good things in life - with a big dash of fun. Enjoy being a sassy girl and entertaining your friends with these quotes from activists, entertainers, writers, and poets. Katharine Hepburn If you obey all the rules, you miss all the fun. Beyonce I embrace mistakes, they make you who you are. Dolly Parton   Im not offended by all the  dumb blonde  jokes because I know Im not dumb...and I also know that Im not blonde. Kesha Just because Im sassy and have a mouth on me doesnt mean Im coming from a negative place. Coco Chanel A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous. The most courageous act is still to think for yourself. Aloud. Alyssa  Edwards Dont get bitter, just get better. Kayci Diane I love the person Ive become because I fought to become her. Drew Barrymore Lets get down and dirty. Lets be a real girl. Tallulah Bankhead Its the good girls who keep diaries; the bad girls never have the time. Gloria Steinem The truth will set you free. But first, it will piss you off. A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle. Proverb The whisper of a pretty girl can be heard further than the roar of a lion. Katy Perry Too many girls rush into relationships because of the fear of being single, then start making compromises, and losing their identity. Dont do that. Marilyn Monroe A woman knows by intuition, or instinct, what is best for herself. Jeanine Pirro Youre a beautiful girl, and you can do anything you want in life. Erma Bombeck If you cant make it better, you can laugh at it. Albert Einstein Any man who can drive safely while kissing a pretty girl is simply not giving the kiss the attention it deserves. Elizabeth Taylor Big girls need big diamonds. Pour yourself a drink, put on some lipstick, and pull yourself together. Colette What a wonderful life Ive had. I only wish Id realized it sooner. Taylor Swift If you have something about yourself thats different, youre lucky. Its not a curse. Maya Angelou I love to see a young girl go out and grab the world by the lapels. Lifes a bitch. Youve got to go out and kick ass. Mae West Too many girls follow the line of least resistance, but a good line is hard to resist. Im single because I was born that way. Maryon Pearson Behind every great man, there is a surprised woman. RuPaul If you cant love yourself, how in the hell you gonna love somebody else? Eleanor Roosevelt No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.

Response and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Response and Analysis - Essay Example â€Å"Somewhere his family is weeping for him. His friends call for my blood. Maybe he had a girlfriend who really believed he would come back† (Collins 240). However, at the beginning of the game she thought that he is a enemy for her, that she will have to kill him to live. And after the claim that both of tributes can win the game, pace of the book suddenly speeded up. And the fight against the powerful tributes began. We can consider Catone as a negative character to be one of the tributes, despite the fact ,that he had the alliance with other experienced in killing tributes, he also didn’t have understanding of respect to the groupmates. He was cold-blooded killer and he left the Glimmer dying from the bites of insects. He didn’t want to help her, probably because she will fight with him when all other tribute will die. â€Å"Glimmer and another girl, the one from District 4, are not so lucky. They receive multiple stings before they’re even out of my view. Glimmer appears to go complete-190 ly mad, shrieking and trying to bat the wasps off with her bow, which is pointless. She calls to the others for help but, of course, no one returns.† Moreover, he was very sadistic and cruel for other tributes, even helpless and weak. He had no mercy towards the people who were less experienced. And after betrayal of Peeta, Cato has hate to everybody. â€Å"What are you still doing here?† he hisses at me. I stare uncomprehendingly as a trickle of water drips off a sting under his ear. His whole body starts sparkling as if he’s been dipped in dew. â€Å"Are you mad?† He’s prodding me with the shaft of the spear now. â€Å"Get up! Get up!† I rise, but he’s still pushing at me. What? What is going on? He shoves me away from him hard. â€Å"Run!† he screams.

Strategic management case on Penn National Gaming Study

Strategic management on Penn National Gaming - Case Study Example The report will be primarily divided into three sections. The first section will be presenting a brief overview of the company. Apart from that, this section will also shed light on the history, competitors, mission and vision statement of the company. The second section will discuss and analyze the current strategies of the company. In addition, the financial data will also be covered. The last section will emphasize on the findings from all the strategic and financial analyses. Finally few recommendations will be provided to improve the efficiency of the company. Penn National Gaming: History Penn National Gaming is a gaming operator, which is currently headquartered at Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, United States. The root of the company dates back to the early 1970s when the company opened its first venture ‘Penn National Race Course’ in the year 1972 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... Penn National Gaming (PNG) with its subsidiaries also operates in the field of racing and gaming industry. Company Overview: Penn National Gaming PNG or Penn National Gaming is a multi jurisdictional, diversified and manager and owner of pari-mutuel properties and gaming. According to the recent report, the company operates with around 29 facilities throughout 19 jurisdictions. The list includes Mississippi, Texas, West Virginia, Florida, Maine, Pennsylvania, Louisiana, New Mexico, Indiana, Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, New Jersey, Nevada, Ohio, and Ontario. Apart from that, Penn National Gaming also manages a casino in Canada. The total operated facilities of the company nearly accounts to 850 table games, 36,800 gaming machines, 2,900 hotel rooms and a gaming floor space of 1.6 million square feet. The company presently operates with around 17,000 employees. As of 2011 the net revenue of the company was US $ 2, 742.25 million. The major products and services of the company include Casino gaming, Off-track wagering facilities, Horse racing and Slot machines (Plunkett, 2009). Some of the company owned properties include Hollywood Casino Lawrenceburg, Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races, Hollywood Slots Hotel and Raceway, Hollywood Casino Aurora, Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course, Off-track Wagering Facilities, Argosy Casino Riverside, Hollywood Casino Joliet, Argosy Casino Alton, Account Wagering/Internet Wagering, Hollywood Casino Baton Rouge, Pimlico Race Course, Hollywood Casino Bay St. Louis, Hollywood Casino Tunica, Sioux City, Argosy Casino, Boomtown Biloxi, Black Gold Casino at Zia Park,

Morphology Is a Valid Strategy for High School Students Essay Example for Free

Morphology Is a Valid Strategy for High School Students Essay Theoretical Explanation Many researchers have proposed that teaching students word roots unlocks the meanings of unknown words. The majority of words in the English language have origins from Greek and Latin. Ninety percent of English words over one syllable are Latin based, and the remaining 10 percent are Greek based (Rasinski, Padak, Newton, Newton, (2008, p. 11). Just as phonics teaches word families, Greek and Latin roots will help students sound out words and determine the meanings of words (Padak, Newton, Rasinski, and Newton (2008, p. 29). Nagy Anderson, 1984, found morphology played an important role in learning vocabulary by allowing students to make semantic connections between related word families. They concluded, â€Å"The ability to utilize morphological relatedness among words puts a student at a distinct advantage in dealing with unfamiliar words† (p.323). While research supports the teaching of word roots, no formalized instruction in roots exists at my high school. Purpose of my study: Students need vocabulary deciphering strategies in high school. Morphology is a valid strategy for high school students to improve vocabulary. Studies also show an increase in reading comprehension and spelling. Third through sixth grade students performed better on reading and spelling with morphophonemic training than with just training in phonics (Henry 1988, 1989, 1993). In the study, â€Å"Contributions of Morphology Beyond Phonology to Literacy Outcomes of Upper Elementary and Middle-School Students,† Nagy, Abbott, and  Berninger (2006) found â€Å"Results showed that when the shared variance among morphological awareness, phonological working memory, and phonological decoding are controlled statistically, morphological awareness contributes at all grade levels to reading comprehension, reading vocabulary, and spelling† (p. 143). Corson, a British sociologist, even suggests that it is differences in language ability, more than any other observable factor, that affects childrens potential for success in school. He makes the point that learning the Latin and Greek word roots allows children to begin learning the specialist words in contrast to the Anglo-Saxon performance vocabulary. He suggests that some social groups do not learn these special words in their natural environment. (1985, p.28). The purpose of this study is to develop student morphemic awareness and increase their knowledge of the meanings of word roots including prefixes and suffixes. New avenues of learning roots will be explored. The goal is to improve students’ potential to decipher the meaning of new vocabulary. Learning Targets First, students will be able to divide multi syllable words into word parts or morphemes. On Ellen Gagnà ©s level of complexity in human skills, using Discrimination students can identify and separate roots, prefixes, or suffixes in a word. Next, students will learn the meanings of common prefixes, suffixes and roots. Ellen Gagnà © would label Greek and Latin roots Defined Concepts. I hope to show students will be able to determine a word’s meaning based on their knowledge of the words parts. Ellen Gagnà © would label this Higher Order Rules. Students will need to apply their previously learned definitions, to form a new definition of a new word. Area of Focus Roots to be studied will be pulled from various resources including: Stauffer, 1942, identified the fifteen most common prefixes from the 10,000 words in the Thorndike Word Book: ab (from) ,ad (to),be (by),com (with),de (from),en (in),ex (out),in (into), in (not),pre (before), pro (in front of), re (back), sub (under), un (not) (pg. 455). â€Å"Brown (1947) noted that 80% of the English words borrowed from other languages come to us from Latin and Greek and make up approximately 60% of our language. He analyzed Latin and Greek word roots and concluded that 12 Latin and 2 Greek roots, along with 20 of the most frequently used prefixes would generate an estimated 100,000 words (see Table 1)(Henry, 1993).Browns fourteen roots: 1.tent, ten, tin, tain 2.mit,miss, mitt 3.cap,capt, cip,cept , 4. 14. scribe,script 5. sat, stat, sist 6. graph,gram 7. log,logy 8.spect 9. plic,pled, 10.ply11. tens,tend, tent 12.duc,duct 13. pos,pon 14. face,tic, fact Padak, Newton, Rasinski, and Newton (2008) identified a series of level 1, level 2, and level 3 roots for primary, intermediate and middle school students (pgs. 12-15). Their lists includes prefixes, suffixes, and bases (roots) from both Latin and Greek. The Least You Should Know about Vocabulary Building by Glazier, Friend, Knight.  Greek Latin Roots:Keys to Building Vocabulary by Rasinski, Padak, Newton Newton. Past Problems Achieving Learning Targets My school does not teach Latin. Also, vocabulary building is not built into the English standards. Students without previous exposure to word roots, suffixes, and prefixes will not get additional exposure at our high school. The school I teach at draws students from 27 different towns throughout northwestern Connecticut. Students do not come with a consistent core of learned roots. Significance Students need to increase their vocabulary to be able to read and comprehend complex texts. Students that can use context clues and knowledge of word origins to decipher a new words meaning. Students need to interpret vocabulary for standardized tests, when reading their textbooks, and other daily reading. If†¦it is ones goal top promote generalized vocabulary acquisition by equipping readers with strategies that will enhance their independent vocabulary learning, then instruction in morphemic and contextual analysis becomes the preferred approach (Baumann et al. 452). â€Å"The language of school, especially in the upper grades, is often driven by content area texts. Most of the speciality words in math, science, and social studies come from Latin and Greek origin† (Henry, 1993). Research Question I am interested to know if students can increase their ability to define unknown words if they have knowledge of dividing words into morphemes and have learned prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Learning Plan Ideas wiki/notebook flash cards/virtual flashcards/app for I touch/I Pad/I Phone i touch applications Resources Baumann, James F. , Edwards, Elizabeth Carr, Font, George, Tereshinski, Cathleen A. , Kameenui, Edward J., Olejnik, Stephen. (2002). Teaching morphemic and contextual analysis to fifth-grade students. Reading Research Quarterly. 2, 150-176. Baumann, James F., Boland, Eileen M., Edwards, Elizabeth Carr, Olejnik, Stephen, Kameenui, Edward J. (2003). Vocabulary tricks: Effects of instruction in morphology and context on fifth-grade students’ability to derive and infer word meanings. American Educational Research Journal. 40, 447-494. Bromley, Karen. (2007). Nine things every teacher should know about words and vocabulary instruction. Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy. 7, 528-537. Brunner, Brett L. (2006). Word Empire:A Utilitarian Approach to Word Power Brett L. Brunner, M.A. Star Nemeton Educational Innovations, LLC Bryant, Peter, Hurry, Jane, Nunes, Terezinha, Pretzlik, Ursula (2006). Improving literacy by teaching morphemes. New York, NY: Routledge Carlisle, Joanne F, Stone, Addison C. (2005). Exploring the role of morphemes in word reading. Reading Research Quarterly. 4, 428-449. Fresch, Mary Jo (2007). Word study: Ways to captivate reluctant learners. Adolescent Literacy in Perspective. March, 8-11. Glazier, Teresa Ferster, Knight, Laura, Friend, Carol. (2004). The least you should know about vocabulary building: Word roots. Wadsworth Publishing Green, Tamara M (2008). Greek Latin roots of English. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Haag, E Stern (2003). In search of the benefits of learning Latin. Journal of Educational Psychology 95, 174-178. Henry, Marcia. (1993). Morphological structure: Latin and Greek roots and affixes as upper grade code strategies. Reading and Writing. 2, 227-241. Holmes, Thomas C., Keffer, Ronald L (1995). A computerized method to teach Latin and Greek root words: Effect on verbal SAT Scores. The Journal of Educational Research. 1, 47-50. Langer, Judith A. (2001). Beating the Odds: Teaching Middle and High School Students to Read and Write Well. American Educational Research Journal 40, 447-494. Menn, Lise, Peters, Ann M, (1993). False starts and filler syllables: Ways to learn grammatical morphemes. Language. 4, 742-777. Nagy, William E., Anderson, Richard C. (1984). How many words are there in printed school English? Reading Research Quarterly. 19, 303-330. Nagy, William, Abbott, Robert D., Berninger, Virginia W. (2006). Contributions of morphology beyond phonology to literacy outcomes of upper elementary and middle-school students. Journal of Educational Psychology 98, 134-147. Newton, Rick M., Newton, Evangeline (2005). A little Latina lot of English. Adolescent Literacy in Perspective. June, 2-7. Otterman, Lois. (1955). The value of teaching prefixes and word-roots. The Journal of Educational Research, 8, 611-616. Padak, Nancy, Newton, Rick M., Newton, Evaneline, Bromley, Karen (2008). Greek and Latin roots: Keys to building vocabulary. HuntingtonBeach, CA: Shell Education. Padak, Nancy, Newton, Evangeline Rasinski, Timothy, Newton, Rick M. (2008). Getting to the root of word study: teaching latin and greek word roots in elementary and middle grades. In Farstrup, Alan E., Samuels, S. Jay, What research has to say about vocabulary instruction (6-31). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. Scanlan, Richard, T. (1976). A computer-assisted-instruction course in vocabulary building through Latin and Greek roots. Foreign Language Annals. 6, 579-583. Stauffer, Russell G. (1942). A Study of prefixes in the Thorndike List to establish a list of prefixes that should be taught in the elementary school. The Journal of Educational Research. 6, 453-458.

Perceptual Errors Essays -- Essays Papers

Perceptual Errors Perceptual Organization (1) ï‚ § Similarity is described as the tendency to group similar items. Similarity is much like stereotyping. Stereotyping is when someone judges another person on the perception of the group to which that person belongs. ï‚ § Proximity is described as the tendency to group elements that are close together. Implicit theories allow the presence of one characteristic to bring up a list of other characteristics that one would â€Å"think† goes with it. Implicit theories group elements that close together. ï‚ § Closure is the tendency to fill in the gaps in incomplete stimuli. A perception of people that apply to closure would be the Halo Effect. The halo effect allows one salient characteristic to overshadow ones evaluation of another in multiple arenas. In other words a person will â€Å"fill in the gaps† of another person. ï‚ § Continuation is the tendency to organize stimuli into continuous lines or patterns. Selective Perception is much like continuation. Selective perception is the continuing to justify ones own values, beliefs, etc. ï‚ § Simplicity is the tendency to reduce stimuli to their simplest shapes or patterns. The Actor-Observer Bias is a good example of simplicity. The observer in the actor-observer bias only sees the actual behavior of the actor. The observer only can assume things from the behavior and not the internal factors contributing to the actor’s behavior. Perc...

Research Essay: Elements of Classic Conditioning Essay

In the Little Albert experiment of Conditioned Emotional Reactions, baby Albert was exposed to various stimuli which were paired with a loud banging noise on a bar. A rat was put next to Albert and when he would reach for the rat, they would bang that bar to get baby Albert to display fear by crying. Albert was conditioned to the point that by simply showing him the rat he would cry and want to crawl away. He knew that along with the rat, came the loud clanging noise, therefore he felt that by avoiding the rat, he would also be able to avoid the noise. â€Å"In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response† (Cherry). In this study, the unconditioned stimulus (US) is the noise of the banging bar. The conditioned stimulus (CS) is the rat and the conditioned response (CR) is that of baby Albert crying and crawling away from the rat. The conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that was once neutral, but becomes linked with the unconditioned stimulus, and eventually elicits a certain response (Cherry). Little Albert was also exposed to various other stimuli, like masks, a rabbit, a dog, a fur coat, cotton and wool. In all of these incidences, Little Albert reacted negatively. He was so accustomed to the rat producing the loud bang of the bar, that he started to exhibit generalization when all of these other items were introduced. Generalization occurs when a similar stimulus is introduced yielding the same conditioned response. (Feist & Rosenberg, 2012 p. 310). There was markedly little difference in his reaction to these other stimuli in comparison to the reaction with the rat. In this research study the conditioning did not last over time due to extinction. Little Albert was exposed repeatedly to the identical stimuli and therefore the aversion to the rat and banging bar decreased. The rat no longer yielded the same results it once did. Although he still shied away from it, he no longer exhibited the fearful crying that was once present. The conditioned responses persisted, although with a loss in the severity of the response (Watson & Rayner, 1920). In my opinion, this experiment is highly unethical. First, I have to wonder what the effects of this experiment had on Little Albert later on in his life. The article stated that right up until the day he left the hospital, the experiment continued. There was no evidence of follow up or desensitization with this young infant. The other area of concern for me is that this experiment was conducted with a loud banging noise in propinquity to Little Albert’s ear. Exposure to loud noises especially noises in close proximity to the ear, can cause Noise Induced Hearing Loss (Bredenkamp & Gnaupp). There was no indication that this was even considered. These are only a few of the unethical conditions under which this experiment was conducted. This experiment cannot be conducted today because Little Albert’s well being was not protected, and in my opinion this experiment could have been quite detrimental to his overall health. ? References Bredenkamp, J. K. , & Gnaupp, F. B. (n. d. ). Noise induced hearing loss and its prevention. Retrieved October 18, 2013. from http://www. medicinenet. com/noise_induced_hearing_loss_and_its_prevention/page4. htm Cherry, K. (n. d. ). Conditioned Stimulus – About. com Psychology. Retrieved October 18, 2013, from http://psychology. about. com/od/cindex/g/condstim. htm Cherry, K. (n. d. ). What Is an Unconditioned Stimulus? Retrieved October 18, 2013, from http://psychology. about. com/od/uindex/g/unconditioned. htm Feist, G. J. , & Rosenberg, E. L. (2012). Learning. In Psychology: Perspectives & connections (p. 310). Retrieved from https://digitalbookshelf. southuniversity. edu/#/books/0077736494/pages/66379448 Watson, J. B. , & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Pscyhology, 2, pp. 1-14.

Hamlet Questions Essay

On the discussion board post your answer to the questions: â€Å"What is Hamlet ‘about’?† and â€Å"What are its enduring themes and messages?†. Your response does not have to be governed by the Values and Worldviews (Dialectic) approach taken through this unit. Substantiate your own ideas with evidence from the play. Don’t research. Build on or refute with reason the responses of two others. What is Hamlet about? With knowledge of the book from previous research and actually reading the play itself in my opinion, the play â€Å"Hamlet† is about a troubled man going through very difficult time in his life after his father is murdered by his uncle which is now married to his mother (which would have been his sister in law). Hamlet throughout the play seeks revenge on Claudius for the murder of Hamlet’s father. What are its enduring themes and messages? The main theme for Hamlet in my opinion is revenge and madness. Hamlet seeks revenge on Claudius for the murder of his father, which is Hamlet’s mother’s recently new husband and has not known about the murder of her late husband. Madness is another common theme in the play because Hamlet for some scenes pretends to act mad towards his companions (Act Two, Scene One) or when he is actually angry but talks to himself about his plan to seek revenge (Act Four, Scene Four). The message I got from the play is that family is truly important in life, Hamlet had a close father-son relationship so when he lost his father it was very traumatic for him. It is always very hard when  you lose a loved one in your life but to find out that he was murdered by your uncle? I am not surprised for how Hamlet reacted to everything that happened in his life. That is a lot for one person to handle.

Power and Authority. essays

Power and Authority. essays A simple definition of power could be the ability both to demand that people do something, and to say how a thing should be done or organised. Authority, however, is where power is granted by consent; and when an individual or committee is said to have authority, the reason that justifies this authority is known as legitimacy. In general, the government has authority because it has legitimacy through: tradition, as Parliament has existed for hundreds of years; charisma, as many people may follow present PM Tony Blair through the strength and attraction of his personality; and democratically through the people, as they vote in elections for the MP or party they wish to form the government. An example of an organisation that has power but not necessarily authority would be the Mafia, which exercise their power by sometimes using violence and force, or money, status, education or sex. In Liberal Democracies such as the UK, power is split into three types: legislative power, which is the power to make laws; executive power, which is the power to implement laws; and judicial power, which is the power to interpret laws. The two concepts of power and authority can be understood in different ways, for example Steven Luke's three faces of power or Max Weber's three types of authority. The nature, sources, and limitations of political authority and power have been much debated questions since the time of the ancient Greeks. These two sociologist's theories discuss the concepts of power and authority in three stages; Weber distinguished three main modes of claiming legitimacy, and Lukes derived a definition of power in three stages. Max Weber, whose study took place in the 19th century, decided that authority was split into three types: charismatic authority, traditional authority, and rational - legal authority. The first type, charismatic authority rests on the appeal of leaders who claim allegiance because of their extraordinary virtuosit...

10 Ways to Speak and Understand Rapid-Fire Italian

10 Ways to Speak and Understand Rapid-Fire Italian It is no secret that Italians speak fast. This is true with both their words and their gestures, so as someone who is learning Italian, how can you keep up with their rapid-fire speech? Here are 10 pieces of advice that have helped me speed up my spoken Italian and understand fast speech. Watch Italian TV The amount of Italian programming that is available to watch online is staggering. YouTube alone offers thousands of episodes of popular shows in Italy if you know what you’re looking for. You can start with an episode from the classic shows Un posto al sole or Il commissario Montalbano or go for something more modern like Alta Infedelt. If you prefer to watch shows with a television, many cable companies offer a special package for Italian programming. Watch a Movie Whether its Roberto Benignis poignant , a neo-realismo film by Roberto Rossellini, or a Federico Fellini fantasy, an Italian language movie is another great way to practice Italian. Youll hear Italian spoken by many different attori and train your ear at the same time. If you’re watching from a computer, you can find many Italian movies on Netflix, like Cinema Paradiso or La tigre e la neve. If you can, avoid the subtitles to give yourself more of a challenge. Read the Lyrics Love Parole, parole by Mina? Look up the testo (lyrics) to the song and sing along. You can also turn it into a translation exercise using dictionaries like Context-Reverso and WordReference. Some classic songs to check out are: Piazza grande - Lucio DallaQuesto piccolo grande amore - Claudio BaglioniMe so’mbriacato - Mannarino Listen to an Audiobook If you love reading books, but you know you need more practice listening, you can combine those two factors by finding an audiobook to listen to in Italian. If you’re not in Italy, these aren’t the easiest to find, but it is possible to find excerpts of your favorite books, like Harry Potter, on YouTube. Listen to Podcasts One of the best ways to make use of tempi morti (dead time) for practicing Italian is by listening to podcasts in your car or while you’re doing a task that doesn’t require much of your attention, like ironing. You can listen to a podcast aimed at students like Al Dente, or you can listen to shows made for native speakers. Check Out Your Library Italian novels, travel guides, and books that describe Italy are excellent ways to enrich your learning experience. Read a parallel-text version (Italian and English side-by-side) of such classics as La Divina Commedia or Machiavellis , or try reading more modern Italian literature from authors like Enzo Biagi, Umberto Eco, Rossana Campo, Susanna Tamaro, or Oriana Fallaci. Investigate Your Neighborhood Close the textbooks, turn off the TV, and go out to find Italian-speaking people or other Italian language students in your own neighborhood. In many large cities there are Italian cultural institutes such as the IIC - Los Angeles, the Istituto Italiano di Cultura - New York, and the Italian Cultural Society - Washington, DC, which have language exchange programs. You can also choose to join an Italian conversation group, often sponsored by bookstores or Italian American societies. You can also find local groups (or start your own!) using Meetup.com. Hire an Italian Attend a group class in person or take one-on-one instruction using a site like VerbalPlanet or Italki. The structure and routine, paired with your independent study, will help you develop a foundation for advancing quickly in the language. This is a great environment for receiving immediate feedback and being able to practice pronunciation, like learning how to roll your rrrs. Expand Your Vocabulary Studies show that one of the biggest reasons language students find it hard to keep up in a foreign language is because their vocabularies aren’t large enough, so as you read books, listen to podcasts, and go to classes, make sure to be constantly compiling and reviewing vocabulary. The key word here is â€Å"review†. Find a tool that uses spaced-time repetition, enter what you learn, and review it on a daily basis. Some available tools are Cram, Memrise, and Anki. Go to Italian-Speaking Places Youve always wanted to visit your grandmothers hometown in Sicily, and you’re ready to venture beyond the travel memoirs that keep you daydreaming during work. When you’re at an intermediate level, traveling to Italy (or any other Italian-speaking area) will be a 360 degree classroom encouraging you to accelerate your learning. Plus, if you not only will you get to see Roman ruins, Renaissance masterpieces, and Raffaellos paintings, but you can also make friends with the locals!

Potential sheath removal issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Potential sheath removal issues - Assignment Example The blockage may be attributable to conditions including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and renal vascular hypertension. Carotid artery stenosis, venous narrowing and narrowing in dialysis fistula or grafts can also result in blockage. Patient preparation is essential. Medications, herbal supplements, recent illnesses, medical conditions and allergies should be well documented (Benson et al. 2005). This is because the procedure involves anaesthesia and iodine in the x-ray dye. Medication used especially blood thinners, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin should be reported. The procedure involves imaging using radiation. It is, therefore, essential that women be examined for pregnancy to minimize radiation exposure to the foetus. Before the procedure, patients are restricted to eat or drink except medication. The procedure involves the use of several equipment a balloon catheter, stent, sheath, wire guide and x-ray imaging equipment. The imaging procedure applies the principle of fluoroscopy to develop an angiograph (O’Grady 2002). During the procedure, the guide wire directs placement of the angioplasty balloon catheter and the vascular stent. The sheath is used for catheter exchanges during the procedure. A vascular tube is placed to allow catheter exchanges and is usually removed after the procedure by a nurse. The procedure is executed in an interventional radiology suite by an interventional radiologist. Seldinger technique is the preferred technique for percutaneous catheterization of the femoral artery. It is effective for both arterial and venous access. Although a radial approach is applicable, the femoral approach is the most preferred method. In this procedure, the ideal puncture site is the femoral artery (Berry 2004). The femoral stick is well located to avoid surgical complications. The puncture site is precisely selected to avoid complications associated with the surgical procedure.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 26

Report - Essay Example However, in the recent past, the sales and fortunes of the Ace manufacturing company has been on the low side. In terms of ranking and order or merit, Ace manufacturing company lost its prestigious position and dropped to the third position. In the conventional sense and ordinary world, the drop would inspire curiosity and the urge to get to know what might have happened wrong to occasion the sudden drop (Sand, Tsitouras, Dimitrakopoulos & Chatzigiannakis, 2014). Thus, as a prospective researcher and an external consultant, it becomes an issue of interest to try to gauge what might have happened wrongly in the course of time and in theli8ne of operations of the company. Thus, this report would present a synopsis and a possible chronology of what might have happened to cause Ace manufacturing company to drop from its prime position as a leading distributor and manufacturer of the leading electronic wares in the country (Papasolomou, Thrassou, Vrontis & Sabova, 2014). Accordingly, it is important to note and mention that this report was drafted and considered after the executives of Ace manufacturing company sought to decipher and realize the root cause of the problem. The problem or the issue being the reason as to why the Ace manufacturing company had recorded a dip into the number of sales and subsequent revenues or proceeds which it would have otherwise recorded or realized under different circumstances and situation. In principle, this logic and argument points to the direction that this is a aim of being self-critical on the part of the management of the Ace manufacturing company in order to try to understand and contextualize the reason as to why their sales and revenues must have dipped in the recent past (Lee, 2014). Therefore, it was imperative on their part to invoke our services as a central research institute to

Explain the nature of the basic economic problem facing society, and Essay

Explain the nature of the basic economic problem facing society, and show how business activity might provide a solution to this problem - Essay Example Business activities aim in the provision of all economic problems though not exhaustively. The active operation of firms in the market ensures the provision of goods and services. The large firms with the capacity of operating as independent organizations make their own decisions on how to enter and exit markets. The firms have also developed efficient ways such as choice on how well to utilize the available resources for maximum gain.1 Therefore, the firms have mechanisms for dealing with scarcity in the most productive way. In conclusion, some of the economic problems can be dealt with through the increase of firms in the market. The coming up of firms have the potential to reduce the transaction costs thus making commodities readily available. The incorporation of some goods within organizations rather than as a whole in the markets leads to attaining favorable costs.2 In addition, the use of new technologies makes a great contribution in the economic output of a country thus dealing with

A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay

A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay The main purpose of this report is to conduct a study of cloud computing, its different concepts, the benefits and costs associated with it and how it can fit in to or improve Nestle Lankas existing IT infrastructure. The scope of this report includes an introduction to the company and the industry, its mission, corporate structure, business process, business strategy and relationships with external parties. This is followed by an analysis of the organizations IT infrastructure and the issues and challenges facing the management of IT. Then cloud computing is explained, and the benefits and costs related to it are discussed. After which, the solutions that can be recommended to be adopted are discussed. Relevant conclusions are then made based on these findings. The methods used in gathering information for this report include both primary (interviews) and secondary research (online journals, newspapers, magazines and publications). From the analysis it was revealed that Nestle Lanka has already adopted a part of cloud computing through the storage of its SAP related data at the Globe Data Center in Sydney. However, it also showed that certain non-core applications are carried outside of SAP which requires the data to be stored locally and brings with it other costs as well. Another interesting finding was the fact that Nestle Lanka did not possess any internet related infrastructure as they do not have a local website. The recommendations that were made based on these findings were to adopt Software as a Service model to find out similar applications for the processes which were done out of SAP. If this was not possible, the recommendation was to adopt the Platform as a Service model which would result in Nestle developing the application online and it being hosted by the vendor. The reasoning behind this was to lower that infrastructure costs on servers and maintenance. In addition, a recommendation was made to use the Platform as a Service model to create a local website for the company as it will require no capital investments. Further, this will enable the company to get closer to the consumer and provide greater satisfaction and carry out promotional activities without any cost. Nestlà © came to Sri Lanka over 100 years ago with the introduction of milk and infant foods to the local market. Over the years, the globally renowned multinational has extended its commitment to Sri Lanka at every opportunity, stressing the Nestlà © corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. Nestlà © Lankas corporate head office is situated in Colombo, whilst manufacturing takes place at a state-of-the-art facility in Kurunegala. The Company employs over 1000 people directly and estimates its indirect employment generation to be in the region of 40,000. Almost 90 per cent of the Nestlà © products retailed in Sri Lanka are processed locally. Through the quality product range of brands such as MILO, NESTOMALT, MAGGI, CERELAC, NAN, LACTOGEN and NESCAFE, the Company has built trust and emotional bonds with consumers of all ages and from all walks of life. Many of the Nestlà © brands have become household names and for the most part are the market leaders. Furthermore, Nestlà © Lanka endeavours to play a role in promoting healthy lifestyles by incorporating a nutrition and wellness dimension into the majority of products. Fulfilling its social and environmental responsibilities to the country, Nestlà © Lanka is an integral part of the national community. The virtues of care and nurturing inherited from the parent company remain at the heart of the way it does business. Of particular pride is the Companys contribution to the sustainability of the dairy industry and the rural economy since its early years. Today, as the largest private sector buyer of fresh milk and coconuts, Nestlà © Lanka spends approximately LKR 1.5 billion each year, impacting the lives of  farmer families island-wide. Nestlà © Lanka went public in 1983 with around 9% of the shareholding now held locally. Currently market capitalisation is about LKR 37 billion (Colombo Stock Exchange, May 2011). Over the past few years the share has been amongst the markets top performers with an exceptional dividend cover. Committed to best practices, Nestlà © Lanka strives to maintain the highest standards of ethical and social conduct throughout the organisation and to create long-term sustainable value for all stakeholders. 1.2 Industry Background Nestle operates in the Food and Beverage industry which is growing at around 12% annually. It competes with both local and other multinational companies in the market. With the government targeting a GNP per capita of $4000 by 2014, demand will rise and competition for market share will be more intense. (Leading Edge, May 2011) 1.3 Mission The Annual Report for 2010 states that Our mission of Good Food, Good Life is to enhance the lives of Sri Lankan consumers with great tasting and nutritious products at affordable prices. 1.4 Corporate Structure Managing Director VP-Commercial VP-Supply Chain VP-Technical Company Secretary/Legal Officer VP- Finance VP Human Resources Head of Nestle Nutrition Head of Nestle Professional AVP National Sales AVP Food (Marketing) AVP Beverages (Marketing) AVP Dairy (Marketing) Production Manager 1 Production Manager 2 New Product Development Manager Recruitment Manager Training Manager Payroll ManagerThe above diagram depicts the organization hierarchy. 1.5 Business Process The main functions in the organization are Marketing, Supply Chain, Production and Sales. They are supported by the Finance, Human Resources, Information Systems and Legal functions. The marketing department works closely with supply chain (planning) to identify the correct demand which is then planned to be produced and the raw materials and packing materials purchased based on the requirements. As per the agreed plans, production produces the required stocks to meet the demand forecasted and that is distributed by the customer service and distribution function. The sales function ensures that the products are received where required and provides the required trade promotions to ensure that the product is selling. Marketing conducts its own brand promotions to create awareness of the products and ensure the effort made by the sales team is supported. Further, the New Product Development function performs a vital of introducing new products or developing existing products in coordination with Marketing and Supply Chain. 1.6 Business Strategy Nestle Lankais dedicated to guarantee consumer satisfaction by marketing the highest quality food products that meet the diverse and changing need of consumers, utilizing Nestlà ©s acknowledged worldwide technology experience. To our shareholders, we ensure a fair return on their investment. 1.7 Relationship with external parties Nestle has strong relationships with external parties such as the Sri Lanka Customs, Inland Revenue, Port Authority, freight forwarding companies, logistic companies, national authorities (for issuing licenses for imported products) and other service providers such as for telecommunication. The corporate (group) website is www.nestle.com. 2.0 IT infrastructure: issues and challenges 2.1 Organizations IT infrastructure Figure 5-10 The IT Infrastructure Ecosystem (Laudon and Laudon, 2010) is used to discuss the infrastructure as follows. Computer Hardware Platforms all machines provided by Hewlett Packard (HP). Operating System Platforms all machines use Microsoft Windows platform. Enterprise System Applications SAP for all core activities in Marketing, Supply Chain, Finance, Sales and Production and non-core activities are mentioned below (section 2.2) in detail. Networking/ Telecommunications networking hardware provided by IBM and Cisco, internet access is provided through British Telecom (BT) and telephone services are provided by four local operators (Dialog Axiata, Mobitel, Suntel and LankaBell). Consultants and System Integrators this is carried out in-house from our data center located in Sydney, Australia. Data Management and Storage all SAP related data are stored in IBM servers at our data center in Sydney; whilst the non-SAP system data are stored locally in SQL severs. Internet Platforms there exists no internet related infrastructure at Nestle Lanka as there is no localized website. 2.2 Issues and Challenges faced in the management of IT infrastructure With reference to the interview with the IT manager (refer appendix 7.1) the following provides a discussion of the issues and challenges facing the management of IT infrastructure. Due to Nestle being a large multinational, standardization of IT infrastructure is a requirement across all markets (countries). It is no different in Sri Lanka, where the infrastructure is much advanced than you would find in any other local company. This policy brings about many advantages and limitations. First, since all markets have to have the same infrastructure irrespective of its size, it will be more modern and up-to-date with the latest technology in place. This will mean enhance security measures for the company, which is vital to remain competitive in this fast-paced food and beverage industry. However, the advanced infrastructure does not come cheap as contracts are negotiated globally in dollar terms but when converted to rupees it is much higher whereas the infrastructure available in the market is although not of the same standard, will meet our local requirements and be less expensive. Hence, managing costs increases in line with this standardization policy is a challenge for the company. Training or user education is another problem the IT function faces when maintaining and upgrading this current infrastructure. Although, system and security updates take place through the data center in Sydney, the users dont comply with the changes until the last moment or wait until a problem arises to find out about the change. Further, the company has adopted applications outside of SAP for certain functions. They are for payroll, milk procurement, and gathering secondary sales data (from distributor point to end-customer). The data from these systems are stored locally in Lankaand along with server cost the company incurs yearly maintenance expenditure and licensing fees. 3.0 Cloud Computing: its business benefits and costs 3.1 Benefits of cloud computing As Mell and Grance (2011) defines, cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. There are three main service models in relation to cloud computing as mentioned by Mell and Grance (2011). They are: Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) The first model is one that distributes applications hosted by a service provider over a network such as the Internet. Cloud computing based concepts such as SaaS remove the need for organizations to individually maintain a large amount of local servers, instead they would all be utilizing a shared resource. Further, Hayes (2008) shows that SaaS allows users to access the application regardless of time and location, giving them greater flexibility in carrying out their tasks. Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) also shows that another one of the key benefits of SaaS is that version management is more convenient to the customer, since the vendor would be implementing upgrades on a regular basis. Other benefits cited by Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) includes the notion that it enables the customer to get access to so called best-of-breed applications that might otherwise have been too costly for them to purchase. The next model (IaaS) is where a service provider outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis (SearchCloudComputing.com, May 2011). The final service model is one where hardware, storage and network capacity can be rented over the Internet. The model permits the client to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones (SearchCloudComputing.com, May 2011). 3.2 Risks of cloud computing Despite such an array of benefits, and as with any other such model, SaaS also comes along with a range of risks to both the client and the vendor. On the clients side, one of the primary concerns is on privacy and security. Hayes (2008) outlines how allowing a third party control over your files could potentially create a chaotic legal issue, especially in regard to what rights the vendor will have to the data on an occasion where the organization violates the contract. Hayes (2008) discusses a scenario in which a government agency serves a subpoena or a search warrant to the vendor. Had the organization had control of its data, it may have contested the order in court. But it is doubtful whether the vendor would go to court on the organizations behalf, and instead they might simply hand over the data over to the authorities. As such, according to this scenario, a company could have its data released to other parties without even being informed of it. Whether or not such a scenario is likely to materialize, its possibility should not be ignored and it would be advisable for IT managers to delve into such grey areas with the vendor prior to reaching an agreement. Another key concern mentioned by Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) is that SaaS offers little in the way of customizing the software to suit the organizations specific needs. Customization of the software to suit the intricate business processes of the organization is essential if it hopes to achieve a competitive advantage. However, Jacobs (2005) points out that providing a relevant level of customization, although difficult, is certainly not impossible and in addition it would be advantageous to the vendor to go this extra mile since they can lock-in clients. Hoch et. al. (2001) voices the adverse effect from the limitations in the organizations internal networks. Bandwidth of the network will have to be increased to accommodate the constant connectivity demanded by the SaaS model. Any issue with the network can adversely affect the performance of the applications, and hinder dependent organizational tasks. Such a major concern should be meticulously examined and addressed by the organization so that they can ensure the availability of required infrastructure before adopting the SaaS model. Apart from the technical difficulties of SaaS, there could be adverse organizational effects as well in the form of employee resistance as they are very familiar with what they have now and to re-train them, will require tactful change management. 3.3 Costs involved in cloud computing When implementing cloud computing there will be limited capital expenditure on IT infrastructure. Servers required to store and run the applications will be provided by the vendor. However, the customer should have the adequate network and software (such as web browsers) capabilities to meet the applications requirement. The customer can save on the existing server, maintenance and licensing costs. The customer will be charged on a subscription basis based on the number hours/days/months used depending on the service level agreement signed by both parties. 4.0 Recommendation Due to the existence of our Globe Data Center located in Sydney, the option of adopting the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model is not practical as we possess our own private cloud. However, what can be recommended is to adopt cloud computing for the non-core applications that was identified in section 2.1 of this report. The reason that we cannot adopt SaaS for the existing ERP systems which covers our core processes is that Nestle requires that all regions have the same system, process and basically talk the same language. The non-SAP applications that have been developed as they cannot be customized in SAP to meet local requirements, for example the payroll system has to take into account the unique local employment law requirements. The milk procurement system had to be designed in a way to facilitate information gathering from all Nestle milk chilling centers across the island and as a result could not be done by SAP. Gathering secondary sales data also involves having SAP at all the distributor locations which would have been too costly. For the above mentioned applications it is possible to search for online versions that support cloud computing such as through SalesForce.com or NETSUITE. If no such applications exist then, we can look at developing a similar application using the Platform as a Service (PaaS) model using platforms such as Microsoft Azure and Googles App Engine. The obvious benefit here would be saving hardware costs as well as maintenance costs in the long run but Nestle will have to spend on the development costs in the short-term. From the IT infrastructure model analyzed in section 2.1 it is evident that Nestle Lankadoes not possess any internet related infrastructure as there is no local website. Having its own website, will allow Nestle to get much closer to its customers and be in its self a promotional medium. Conventionally having an internet related platform would mean cost incurred on servers as well as software licensing fees. But, through the use of PaaS service model, Nestle Lankacan build its own website without incurring any capital expenditure and meet is vision of guaranteeing consumer satisfaction. For example, Kia Motors in North America launched its own website using the Microsoft Azure platform (Microsoft.com, May 2011). 5.0 Conclusion The findings of this report reveal that there are non-core applications that are being used along with SAP. These applications cost the company in terms of server, maintenance and license fees. This can be reduced or avoided in the long-term if the company adopts cloud computing in the form of either software as a service or platform as a service. Further, it was found that the company doesnt have any internet related infrastructure as it does not have a website. A less costly and capital intensive way of creating such a website would be to adopt the platform as a service model. The creation of a website will enable the company to get closer to its consumers and better engage them. It could also be a free source of promotion for the companys many brands.

The Myth of the Lost Cause :: American America History

The Myth of the Lost Cause Following the defeat of the Confederacy and to lift the morale of a shattered people momentum gathered to enshrine the Myth of the Lost Cause which would transform the Southern soldier living and dead, into a veritable hero. In order to come to terms with defeat and a look of failure in the eyes of God, Southerners mentally transformed their memories of the antebellum South. It became a superior civilization of great purity which had been cruelly brought down by the materialistic Yankees. At the head of this revival was the memory of Stonewall Jackson, closely followed by Robert E. Lee (who would rise to the prominent position following his death in 1870). Other generals of the Confederacy who had died during the war followed, as did those who would pass on later. D.H. Hill, a friend of Longstreet published LAND WE LOVE, a magazine devoted to Literature, Military History and Agriculture. In 1869 Hill sold out to a Baltimore periodical, NEW ECLECTIC, which in the same year became the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE, official organ of the SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. In 1871 it changed its name to the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE and together with a later periodical, SOUTHERN BIVOUAC kept the memory of the War alive and fresh in the public mind. Filled with poems and stories of loyalty to the LOST CAUSE sent in by veterans. Hill was Stonewall Jackson's brother in law and he filled the magazine with stories, anecdotes and poems of the now legendary general. Other Confederate heroes received their share of attention from a flood of material supplied by readers commemorating Southern dead and using religion to explain the defeat. Book - writing was prolific in the '70s & '80s mainly from veterans but much on the romanticism of the Cause from women. The most prominent of the writer of the period was John Esten Cooke, who was related by birth and marriage to virtually all the prominent families of Virginia he helped enshrine the Confederate dead into chivalric knights and symbols of the LOST CAUSE. Cooke's impressive literary output polarized Southern perceptions of the War transforming the stigma of defeat into a badge of honour that Confederate veterans could wear proudly. His portrayal of the War as a wonderful adventure, in which participation was an honour. When Lee died on 12 Oct. 1870 he was one of a significant number of Confederate heroes running second to Jackson.

Common Errors in English Language Learning and Use – the Philippine Context

For half a decade, I have spent significant time working with and studying English as Second Language (ESL) learners in several contexts – online, corporate, and academic. In the course of interfacing with these different types of students, several interesting features arise in the study of the learners’ language, most especially errors in writing. In this article, I will give a brief background of the errors of the learners. I will also try to encapsulate some of my observations and experiences in dealing with language errors and probably suggest ways on how to appropriately address them. Hopefully, this will be an eye opener to a lot of English language teachers and practitioners that errors are important in both learning and teaching ESL. The Context The influence of mass media, which use English as a medium for communication has greatly contributed in the development of the English language in the Philippines. Several broadsheets and magazines, FM radio shows and late night newscasts in English are just a few manifestations that the language is indeed alive in the local media scene. Furthermore, the prevalence of business process outsourcing (BPO) industries is also a validation that the country is home to thousands of bilingual customer service representatives who deliver quality customer service to English-speaking clients. Philippine education, however, does not have the same story. Through the years, teachers and school administrators have tried different strategies to improve the English language proficiency of their students. But based on observation and research, there is incongruence between the strategies and the language practices in Philippine schools ; for instance, â€Å"most colleges and universities claim that their medium of instruction (MOI) is English but there is often no explicit school policy articulating this (Bernardo and Gaerlan, 2006:21). † This, in return, results in the decline of English proficiency, leaving educators and teachers with unresolved problems regarding standard policies and procedures in using the English language in the academe. On Errors and the Learners’ Language (Interlanguage) Errors are considered significant features in acquiring, learning, and teaching a second language. It has been customary for students and teachers to talk about errors in the language classroom, most especially in writing classes. Teaching professionals often feel frustrated with the quality of the language of their students’ essays. , For some, errors are signs of failure while others believe that they are indications of and opportunities to understand the very complex process of learning to communicate in a second language. One methodology in studying the learner’s error is by doing Error Analysis (EA) or â€Å"the process of determining the incidence, nature, causes and consequences of unsuccessful language† (James, 1998:1). Brown (2000:218) states that errors may result from several sources, two of which are: â€Å"interlingual errors of interference from the native language and intralingual errors within the target language, context of learning and communication strategies. To simply put it, the first kind refers to the second language errors that reflect native language structure while the second one, results in faulty structures that do not follow the standards of the target language. It is also a must to acknowledge the kind of language that learners produce in order to come up with a holistic study of the learners’ errors. Larry Selinker labels this as interlanguage or â€Å"the separateness of a second language learners’ system, a system that has a structurally inte rmediate status between the native and target languages† (1972 in Richards, 1974:31). With this, it will be easier for teachers to understand where learners are coming from and also for them to come up with possible solutions to address these errors. The Classroom Experience In the English classroom, where formal learning takes place, I have encountered several â€Å"unique experiences† in dealing with errors in academic writing. Filipino college students are very innovative in constructing English sentences that often result in several interlingual and intralingual errors. Take for instance the following excerpt from a student’s composition: Me in my friend was stranded at the gate 3 of fort Bonifacio because the jeepney cannot pass over because of the heavy flood that if we measure is in a waistline and in some place in a neckline. Me and my friend was just stay in the jeepney hoping and waiting that the rain would stop for us to go home. † It is quite obvious that the student has committed several intralingual errors such as: a. Misused pronoun (Me and my friend – My friend and I) b. Faulty capitalization (fort Bonifacio – Fort Bonifacio) c. Wrong conjunction (Me in my friend – â€Å"and†) . Incorrect verb tense (was just stay – stayed) e. Lack of punctuation (Me and my friend was just stay in the jeepney (,) hoping and waiting that the rain would stop(,) for us to go home. f. Inventing new vocabulary and usage (pass over which means â€Å"to pass through†; waistline which should be â€Å"waist deep†) The student also used her knowledge of the first language (in this case Tagalog) to write in English. For example, the compound subject â€Å"Me and my friend† is a direct translation of the Filipino phrase â€Å"Ako at ang kaibigan ko†. This is a concrete example of an interlingual error. It is really tedious to mark essays that contain numerous errors but these things must be pointed out in order to improve the language abilities of students. Moreover, by studying these kinds of errors, it will be easier to diagnose certain areas that need reinforcement. Some Possible Solutions As a teacher and researcher, I have realized that it is imperative to put utmost importance to the errors that ESL students commit in academic writing. Studying these errors may mean finding probable solutions to address them. The following are some suggestions that other teachers can do in their own classrooms: 1. Analyze and rectify the errors found in the learners’ compositions by following specific â€Å"linguistic criteria or the formal features of a language† (James, 1998:206). With this on hand, a basis for assessing and correcting the errors of students will be available. 2. After analysis, provide supplementary materials that will help reinforce language proficiency. This can be done by addressing specific areas of concern like grammar, lexis, usage, and mechanics. This will be helpful most especially to struggling students that are having difficulties in understanding the complex rules of the target language. 3. It is also a must to recognize individual differences inside and outside the classroom. Finding time to connect with students will also help in understanding the nuances of the languages that they use. Knowing how they interact and being able to cope with their interests will give the teachers several insights as regards the learners’ language. . Finally, continuous research and error analysis can lead to a development of a standard material based on empirical data. This will help address the most frequent errors that learners commit in specific linguistic areas. References: Bernardo, A. & Gaerlan, M. J. (2006). Teaching in English in Philippine higher education: The case of De La Salle University-Manila. Hong Kong University. Brown, H. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching. England: Longman. James, C. (1998). Errors in language learning and use. London: Addison Wesley Longman Limited. Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage in error analysis: Perspectives in second language acquisition. Jack C. Richards, (Ed. ). London: Longman Group Limited. Author’s Profile Mark Arthur Payumo Abalos teaches college English, writing (expository, research and technical), oral communication, and literature at the Far Eastern University – East Asia College and De La Salle – College of St. Benilde in Manila, Philippines. He also works as an English language program facilitator at John Robert Powers International and an IELTS consultant at the PALMS Australian Immigration Services. He used to be a full-time Educational Consultant for the Language and Literacy Programs of Scholastic Publishing. He obtained his bachelor’s degree in English Studies: Language from the University of the Philippines – Diliman. His master’s research focuses on the significance of interlanguage grammar and error analysis in developing ELT materials. You can reach him at [email  protected] com.